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This photograph shows a Dassault Rafale aircraft parked on the tarmac of the French Air and Space Force Luxeuil-Saint-Sauveur Airbase in Saint-Sauveur, France, on March 18, 2025. (Ludovic Marin/AFP via Getty Images)
Middle East
Middle East
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The Hagia Sophia, which was rebuilt for the final time in AD 537 during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. Until 1453, it served as the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Recep Tayyip Erdogan attends ''Vision 2023 Turkeys National Education Ministry'' meeting at Bestepe National Congress and Culture Center on October 23, 2018. ( Murat Kula/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images)
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A Greek Orthodox church in Hama, Syria
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Protesters in Cairo’s Tahrir Square call for the ouster of Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in January 2011.
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Chinese Vice President Wang Qishan addresses the opening ceremony of the 2019 New Economy Forum in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 21, 2019
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Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas speaks at the United Nations (UN) Security Council on February 11, 2020 in New York City.
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China's President Xi Jinping and Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu shake hands ahead of their talks at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing on March 21, 2017. (ETIENNE OLIVEAU/AFP via Getty Images)
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Egyptian President Abdel Fatah al-Sissi speaks during a news conference in Bucharest, Romania, in June 2019.
Experts
Hillel Fradkin
Senior Fellow and Director, Center on Islam, Democracy, and the Future of the Muslim World
Husain Haqqani
Senior Fellow and Director for South and Central Asia
Ahmad Hashemi
Research Fellow
Bernard Haykel
Senior Fellow (Nonresident), Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Jonathan Hessen
Senior Fellow (Nonresident)
Can Kasapoğlu
Senior Fellow (Nonresident)
Rania Kisar
Research Fellow
Liel Leibovitz
Senior Fellow
William Luti
Adjunct Fellow
Joel Rayburn
Senior Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Zineb Riboua
Research Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Peter Rough
Senior Fellow and Director, Center on Europe and Eurasia
Jonathan Schachter
Senior Fellow, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
Abram N. Shulsky
Senior Fellow
Mike Watson
Associate Director, Center for the Future of Liberal Society
Richard Weitz
Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Political-Military Analysis
