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Stacks of Iranian rials and US dollars sit on a table in Tehran, Iran, on August 6, 2025. (Getty Images)
Middle East
Middle East
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Iranian Clerics chant slogans during an anti-U.S. rally in Tehran on April 14, 2019 after the U.S. designation of Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps as a terrorist organization. (Photo by Rouzbeh Fouladi/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
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Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi during their meeting in Moscow on January 19, 2022. (Photo by Pavel Bednyakov/Sputnik/AFP via Getty Images)
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Russian President Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Saudi Deputy Crown Prince and Defense Minister Mohammed bin Salman during a meeting at the Kremlin in Moscow on May 30, 2017. (Pavel Golovkin/AFP via Getty Images)
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A man looks on at a snow-covered security checkpoint that marks the entrance to Logar province, beyond the southern gate on January 17, 2022 in Kabul, Afghanistan. (Photo by Scott Peterson/Getty Images)
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Iranian-Christians pray during a New Year mass prayer ceremony in the Saint Gregory church in Tehran on January 1, 2021. (Getty Images)
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President Joe Biden speaks during a meeting in the State Dining Room of the White House in Washington, DC, on January 26, 2022. (Photo by Nicholas Kamm/AFP via Getty Images)
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Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi delivers a speech in the Imam Khomeini Grand Mosque in downtown Tehran on January 3, 2022. (Photo by Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
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Azerbaijan flag waving in center of the city on November 28, 2020 in Baku, Azerbaijan. (Photo by Aziz Karimov/Getty Images)
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Woman in a hijab takes part in Black Lives Matter protest in Cologne, Germany, on June 7, 2020. (Photo by Ying Tang/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
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Acehnese Muslims are seen attending Eid al-Fitr prayer which marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan at the Islamic Center Mosque in Lhokseumawe, on May 13, 2021, Aceh Province, Indonesia. (Photo by Fachrul Reza/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Experts
James Barnett
Research Fellow
Michael Doran
Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
