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Bucket-wheel excavators mine rare earth materials on Ukrainian soil on February 25, 2025, in the Zhytomyr region of Ukraine. (Kostiantyn Liberov via Getty Images)
Middle East
Middle East
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Yemen's Houthi followers hold placards depicting the Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar on August 9, 2024, in Sana'a, Yemen. (Mohammed Hamoud via Getty Images)
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Pro-Palestinian demonstrators leave Palestinian flags and graffiti on the Rochambeau Statue in Lafayette Park next to the White House on June 8, 2024. (Probal Rashid/LightRocket via Getty Images)
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(Screenshot via YouTube)
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei leads Friday prayer in Tehran, Iran, on October 4, 2024. (Iranian Leader Press Office/Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images)
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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei awards the Order of Fat'h to Amir Ali Hajizadeh in Tehran, Iran, on October 6, 2024. (Iranian Leader Press Office/Anadolu via Getty Images)
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An Iranian flag waves on a beach in Bushehr, Iran, home to Iran's first nuclear seaport, on April 28, 2024. (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
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Explosions erupt as Israeli forces shell buildings in Lebanon on October 6, 2024, in Beirut, Lebanon. (Ugur Yildirim images via Getty Images)
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Iraqi paramilitaries of Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq wave their flag and the national flag on November 25, 2017. (Ahamad al-Rubaye/AFP via Getty Images)
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People link arms while singing and lighting on the first anniversary since the attacks by Hamas on October 7, 2024, in Tel Aviv, Israel. (Alexi J. Rosenfeld via Getty Images)
Experts
James Barnett
Research Fellow
Michael Doran
Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Peace and Security in the Middle East
