This publication examines the legal parameters of the term "effective control" under international law in the context of an occupation and asserts that the application of the standards of the test for "effective control" indicates that

Caption
This photograph shows a Dassault Rafale aircraft parked on the tarmac of the French Air and Space Force Luxeuil-Saint-Sauveur Airbase in Saint-Sauveur, France, on March 18, 2025. (Ludovic Marin/AFP via Getty Images)